Human Organic‐Anion‐Transporter 4 facilitates unsymmetrical organic anion/OH‐ or Cl‐ exchange

Role of Cl channels in Cl-dependent Na/H exchange.

A novel Na/H exchange activity that requires Cl was recently identified in the apical membrane of crypt cells of the rat distal colon. This study explores the nature of the coupling of Cl and Na/H exchange. A concentration of 100 μM 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid, a Cl channel blocker, inhibited the Cl dependence of both proton gradient-driven22Na uptake from crypt cell apical memb...

Heuristic Cl , 4 Ssification

A broad range of well-structured problems-embracing forms of diagnosis, catalog selection, and skeletal planning-are solved in “expert systems*’ by the method of heuristic classification. These programs have a characteristic inference structure that systematically relates data to a pre-enumerated set of solutions by abstraction, heuristic association, and refinement. In contrast with previous d...

Sister-chromatid exchange in 4 human races.

Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) are the result of apparent exchanges of DNA between chromatids and may be visualized in metaphase chromosomes after growth of cells for 2 cycles in bromodeoxyuridine and appropriate staining procedures. The frequency of SCEs is thought to be a sensitive indicator of genetic instability and early chromosome changes (Perry and Evans, 1975; Solomon and Bobrow, 1975...

Chloride conductance of CFTR facilitates basal Cl-/HCO3- exchange in the villous epithelium of intact murine duodenum.

Villi of the proximal duodenum are situated for direct exposure to gastric acid chyme. However, little is known about active bicarbonate secretion across villi that maintains the protective alkaline mucus barrier, a process that may be compromised in cystic fibrosis (CF), i.e., in the absence of a functional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. We investigated Cl(-)/HCO(...

LiFe 2 Cl n ( n = 4 – 6 ) clusters : Double - exchange mediated molecular magnets